Precision Copper - based Powder Metallurgy Structural Parts
Electronic and electrical field: It can be used as terminal posts, conductive connectors, etc., using its good conductivity and certain mechanical strength to ensure stable circuit connections. Mechanical field: used to make wear-resistant parts such as bearing bushes and bushings, which play a role in reducing friction and wear resistance in mechanical transmission. Bathroom field: It can make faucets, valves and other accessories. With its corrosion resistance and good processing performance, it can meet the requirements of bathroom products.
classification：
Powder Metallurgy Parts
Keywords:
Jiesen
Product Details
1. Definition and basic principles
Powder metallurgy is a process for manufacturing metal materials, composite materials and parts by preparing metal powder (or a mixture of metal and non-metal powder), forming, sintering and subsequent processing. Its core principle is to utilize the physical and chemical interactions between powder particles (such as diffusion, recrystallization) to achieve metallurgical bonding at a temperature lower than the melting point of the metal to form dense or porous materials.
2. Process flow
| Powder preparation | method | Mechanical crushing (ball mill, jaw crusher), atomization method (water atomization, gas atomization, used for metal powder), reduction method (oxides are reduced to metal powder), electrolysis method, etc. | ||||||||||||||
| Key requirements | Powder particle size, purity, and morphology (spherical, irregular) directly affect subsequent molding and performance. | |||||||||||||||
| Forming | Compression molding | Apply pressure (usually 100-600 MPa) in the mold to form a green body with a certain strength, suitable for simple shapes and mass production. | ||||||||||||||
| Isostatic pressing | The liquid medium is used to uniformly transmit pressure (cold isostatic pressing (CIP) or hot isostatic pressing (HIP)), which is suitable for complex shapes and high density requirements. | |||||||||||||||
| Others | Injection molding (MIM, suitable for small precision parts), extrusion molding, additive manufacturing (such as SLM, EBM, printing directly using metal powder). | |||||||||||||||
| sintering | process | The green body is heated to about 0.6-0.8 times the melting point of the metal in a protective atmosphere (such as H₂, N₂), and densification is achieved through diffusion and recrystallization. | ||||||||||||||
| Classification | solid phase sintering | No liquid phase occurs and relies on solid-state diffusion (such as iron-based parts). | ||||||||||||||
| Liquid phase sintering | Add low melting point components (such as bronze containing Sn), and the liquid phase fills the pores to increase the density. | |||||||||||||||
| Key parameters | Temperature, holding time, and atmosphere control directly affect strength, hardness, and porosity. | |||||||||||||||
| Follow-up processing | Densification | Re-pressing and hot forging (to increase density and strength). | ||||||||||||||
| machining | Cutting and grinding (such as gear tooth surface processing). | |||||||||||||||
| surface treatment | Electroplating, carburizing, nitriding (to improve wear resistance or corrosion resistance). | |||||||||||||||
| special handling | Oil immersion (preparation of oil-impregnated bearings), infiltration (filling of low melting point metal to improve performance). | |||||||||||||||
3. Typical application areas
Machinery manufacturing: automotive parts (gears, bearings, clutch plates, accounting for more than 70% of automotive powder metallurgy parts), power tool gears.
Aerospace: high-temperature alloy turbine blades (such as nickel-based alloys, prepared by powder metallurgy + hot isostatic pressing), engine parts.
Electronics and communications: electronic packaging materials (such as Cu-Mo heat sinks), magnetic materials (such as soft magnetic alloys, permanent magnets).
Tools and dies: carbide (WC-Co cutting tools, dies), diamond tools (powder metallurgical bond fixed abrasive grains).
Energy and environmental protection: fuel cell porous electrodes, filters (such as stainless steel powder sintered filter elements), nuclear reactor parts.
Emerging areas: metal additive manufacturing (such as SLM technology to directly print titanium alloy orthopedic implants), electronic paste (such as PCB circuit silver paste).
4. Development Trend of Jiesen Powder Metallurgy
Precision and micro-nano: Micro-powder metallurgy (μ-PIM) manufactures micron-scale parts (such as MEMS components).
Additive manufacturing integration: Metal 3D printing (such as SLM, EBM) is combined with powder metallurgy to achieve rapid prototyping of complex structures (such as topology optimized parts).
Development of new materials: nanometal powder (to improve strength and corrosion resistance), amorphous alloy powder (to prepare high-hardness, wear-resistant materials).
Green manufacturing: water-based molding process (replacing organic solvents), recycling waste powder, reducing energy consumption and pollution.
Intelligent production: automated control of powder preparation, molding, and sintering processes (such as AI prediction of sintering defects).
Summary
Powder metallurgy occupies an important position in the field of high-end manufacturing due to its high efficiency, precision and high material utilization. It is especially suitable for the production of parts with large quantities, complex structures and high performance requirements. With the development of additive manufacturing and new material technology, its application boundaries are constantly expanding and will play a more critical role in aerospace, new energy, medical and other fields in the future.
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